How does a submerged arc furnace work?
The SAF works with electrical energy which is converted into heat, mainly using the electrical resistance of the burden or molten slag. The electrodes are immersed in the melt which provides the required energy exchange area between electrode and melt.
What is submerged electric arc furnace?
Submerged arc furnaces are mainly used for the production of ferroalloys. The nomenclature submerged means that the furnace’s electrodes are buried deep in the furnace burden. A reduction reaction takes place near the tip of the electrodes to facilitate the furnace’s process.
What is the bath temperature in the electric arc furnace?
Arc furnaces used in research laboratories and by dentists may have a capacity of only a few dozen grams. Industrial electric arc furnace temperatures can reach 1,800 °C (3,300 °F), while laboratory units can exceed 3,000 °C (5,400 °F).
What is the principle of arc furnace?
The main physical principle of an electric arc furnace is the transfer of energy from the electricity line to the furnace through heat radiation and conduction generated by an electric arc.
What is SAF in steel plant?
The submerged electric arc furnace (SAF) has proven a versatile unit in numerous metallurgical applications for more than a century. Countless innovations have made this furnace type become the most commonly used furnace for increased metal recoveries and slag-cleaning operations.
Why Graphite electrodes are used in electric arc furnace?
The electric arc furnace method recycles used iron scrap by melting it in an electric arc furnace. It is the graphite electrodes inside the furnace that actually melt the iron. Graphite has high thermal conductivity and is very resistant to heat and impact.
What are the types of arc furnace?
Arc furnaces are of two types namely: In a direct arc furnace, shown in Fig. 5.4, the arc is formed between the electrodes and the charge, while in the indirect arc furnace the arc is formed between the electrodes, as shown in Fig. 5.5, and heat is transmitted to the charge solely by radiation.
How much electricity does an arc furnace use?
In the steel making industry, electric arc furnaces (EAFs) are considered as one of the systems with the largest consumption of electrical energy. Modern EAFs, besides other forms of energy, such as gas burners and oxygen additions, in average consume from 400 to 500 kWh of electrical energy per ton of steel [1].
Why graphite electrodes are used in electric arc furnace?
What is the meaning of ferro alloys?
The word ferroalloy refers to an alloy of iron containing a significant proportion of one or more other elements like silicon, manganese, chromium, aluminum, or titanium.
How is steel made in an electric arc furnace?
In the electric arc furnace process, the electric arc furnace oxidizing slag is firstly produced when the iron scrap is melted and refined into steel, and then the electric arc furnace reducing slag is produced in the ladle refining furnace.
What is the size of carbon electrode?
Carbon Electrode 100 x 20 x 5mm – Single Bar – Eisco Labs.
Why is oxygen used in electric arc furnace?
Blowing oxygen into the furnace to a foam slag alleviates the problem that creates bubbles of CO2, which percolate up into foam. The arc is down in the foamy slag. Therefore, the heat is absorbed by the slag instead of moving out to the walls of the vessel and the slag heat is transferred to the molten metal.
Do electric arc furnaces use oxygen?
Heat is transferred within the scrap by conduction. Large pieces of scrap take longer to melt into the bath than smaller pieces. In some operations, oxygen is injected via a consumable pipe lance to “cut” the scrap. The oxygen reacts with the hot scrap and burns iron to produce intense heat for cutting the scrap.