What is hydrocarbon and its four fundamental series?
As suggested by their name, they are comprised of only 2 elements: hydrogen and carbon. Hydrocarbon molecules have one or more central carbon atoms in a branched or chain-like structure, surrounded by hydrogen atoms. There are four main categories of hydrocarbons: Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic hydrocarbons.
What is a chain of 4 carbons called?
Alkanes with unbranched carbon chains are simply named by the number of carbons in the chain. The first four members of the series (in terms of number of carbon atoms) are named as follows: CH4 = methane = one hydrogen-saturated carbon.
What are series of hydrocarbons called?
Alkanes. The simplest Hydrocarbon is methane, CH4. This is the simplest member of a series of hydrocarbons. Each successive member of the series has one more Carbon atom than the preceding member. This series of compounds are called alkanes (CnH2n+2).
What are hydrocarbons and its types?
There are two types of hydrocarbons: aliphatic and aromatic. The three types of aliphatic hydrocarbons are alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes. Aromatic hydrocarbons include benzene. Overall, examples of hydrocarbons are methane, ethane, propane, and butane.
What is hydrocarbon chain?
A hydrocarbon chain is an organic molecule consisting of nothing else but carbon and hydrogen atoms arranged in a chain. The carbon atoms are interconnected to each other by covalent bonding. And each carbon atom in the chain is bonded to one or up to three hydrogen atoms.
What are saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons?
Saturated Hydrocarbons — contain only carbon- carbon single bonds. • Unsaturated Hydrocarbons — contain carbon- carbon double or triple bonds (more hydrogens can be added).
What is called homologous series?
Homologous series is a series of compounds with similar chemical properties and some functional groups differing from the successive member by CH2. Carbon chains of varying lengths have been observed in organic compounds having the same general formula.
What are the first four members of the homologous series of alkenes?
Alkene Homologous Series
Name | Number of Carbon atoms | Molecular Formula CnH2n |
---|---|---|
ethene | 2 | C2H2(2) = C2H4 |
Propene | 3 | C3H2(3) = C3H6 |
Butene | 4 | C4H2(4) = C4H8 |
Pentene | 5 | C5H2(5) = C5H10 |
What are hydrocarbons how they are classified?
Hydrocarbons are organic compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen. The four general classes of hydrocarbons are: alkanes, alkenes, alkynes and arenes.
What is homologous series?
A group of carbon compound having same general formula and same functional group is called homologous series. The members of homologous series are called homologue.
What are the types of hydrocarbon?
They are divided into alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes. Alkanes have only single bonds, alkenes contain a carbon-carbon double bond, and alkynes contain a carbon-carbon triple bond. Aromatic hydrocarbons make up a group of related substances obtained by chemical breakdown of certain pleasant-smelling plant extracts.
What are the types of hydrocarbons describe each?
What are the 6 types of hydrocarbons?
Q.1 What are 6 common hydrocarbons? Ans.1 Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes, Alcohols, Aldehydes and Carboxylic Acids are 6 common hydrocarbon families. Q.2 What is hydrocarbon used for? Ans.2 Hydrocarbons are the principal constituents of petroleum and natural gas.
What are the structures and chemistry of hydrocarbons?
The structures and chemistry of individual hydrocarbons depend in large part on the types of chemical bonds that link together the atoms of their constituent molecules. Nineteenth-century chemists classified hydrocarbons as either aliphatic or aromatic on the basis of their sources and properties.
What are alkane series hydrocarbons composed of?
Alkane series hydrocarbons are composed of only hydrogen and carbon atoms attached with single bonds. They are characterized by the following formula for the number of hydrocarbon atoms present in the molecule: In this formula, N H is the number of hydrogen atoms, while N C is the number of carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon molecule.
How many hydrocarbons are there in crude oil?
While there may be several thousand different hydrocarbon molecules in a given crude oil, these descriptions simply refer to the dominant hydrocarbon type in the mixture. All naturally occurring crude oils will typically contain molecules of each type. Paraffinic, or alkane series, hydrocarbons are shown in Table 2.01.