Where is Toba and how big is the caldera?
It is the largest lake in Indonesia and the largest volcanic lake in the world. Toba Caldera is one of twenty Geoparks in Indonesia, and was recognised in July 2020 as one of the UNESCO Global Geoparks….
| Lake Toba | |
|---|---|
| Type | Volcanic/ tectonic |
| Primary outflows | Asahan River |
| Basin countries | Indonesia |
| Max. length | 100 km (62 mi) |
Is Toba caldera active?
“They change to more local and regional hazards from eruptions, earthquakes, landslides and tsunamis that may continue regularly for several tens of thousands of years. “Toba remains alive and active today.”
What kind of volcanic feature is Lake Toba?
Toba is Earth’s largest Quaternary caldera and is partially filled by Lake Toba, seen here in a NASA Landsat satellite image (N is to the top). The 35 x 100 km caldera formed during four major ignimbrite-forming eruptions in the Pleistocene, the latest of which occurred about 74,000 years ago.
What is special about Lake Toba?
At over 1,145sq km, and up to a depth of 450 metres in places, Lake Toba is actually more like an ocean. It is the world’s largest crater lake as well as being the largest lake in Southeast Asia and one of the deepest in the world.
Can you explain how the caldera Toba was created?
Lake Toba is situated in Sumatera island (Indonesia), formed by a mega-volcanic eruptions 74,000 years ago, is the largest with-in the Quaternary (since + 2 Ma).
How did Mount Toba form?
The explosion of the Toba supervolcano, located on the modern island of Sumatra, some 74,000 years ago was Earth’s largest volcanic eruption in the past 28 million years. Parts of Indonesia, India and the Indian Ocean were covered by 15 centimeters (6 inches) of volcanic debris.
How did the Toba eruption occur?
In 2013 archaeologists led by Christine Lane reported finding a microscopic layer of glassy volcanic ash in sediments of Lake Malawi, and definitively linked the ash to the 75,000-year-old eruption at the Toba Caldera Complex, but found no change in fossil type close to the ash layer, something that would be expected …
Where is the Toba volcano?
Sumatra, Indonesia
Mount Toba, ancient volcano located in the Barisan Mountains, north-central Sumatra, Indonesia. A massive eruption sometime between 71,000 and 74,000 years ago expelled an estimated 2,800 cubic km (about 670 cubic miles) of ash and lava.
When did Toba erupt?
between 71,000 and 74,000 years ago
Where is Toba located?
Sumatra
Toba is located near the Sumatra Fracture Zone (SFZ). Stratovolcanoes in Sumatra are part of the Sunda arc. Volcanism is the result of the subduction of the Indian Ocean plate under the Eurasian plate. The subduction zone is marked by the Java Trench.
What was the Toba eruption?
The Youngest Toba eruption was a Supervolcano eruption that occurred around 75,000 years ago at the site of present-day Lake Toba in Sumatra, Indonesia. It is one of the Earth’s largest known explosive eruptions.
What is the importance of the Toba eruption?
Toba was no ordinary eruption. It spewed thousands of tons of ash into the atmosphere, enough to create a decade-long volcanic winter, leading to massive die-offs of vegetation and the end of some species. That was followed by up to one thousand years of cooler than normal temperatures.
How powerful is Toba?
The Mount Toba explosion, is believed to be the most powerful volcanic eruption in the past 2 million years. It expelled 1,000 times more material than the eruption of Mount St. Helens in Italy in 1981 and 60 times more material than Indonesia’s Krakatoa explosion in 1883.
What was the impact of the Toba eruption?
The Toba supervolcano eruption at 74 ka has been the largest natural disaster known in the past 2.5 million years8. It injected up to 100 times more SO2 into the stratosphere than Mt Pinatubo, and climate model simulations suggest a global cooling of 3.5–9 °C, and up to 25% reduction in precipitation9,10,11,12.
How big was Mount Toba?
about 670 cubic miles
What is Toba science?
It is one of the Earth’s largest known explosive eruptions. The Toba catastrophe theory holds that this event caused a global volcanic winter of six to ten years and possibly a 1,000-year-long cooling episode. Youngest Toba eruption.
How did Toba erupt?
Where is the Toba caldera?
Converted wave imaging of the Toba Caldera, Indonesia. Geophysical Research Letters 33, L20305. doi:10.1029/ 2006GL027397.
Is Toba caldera related to the investigator Fracture Zone?
The Investigator Fracture Zone (IFZ) subducts beneath Toba Caldera, the Earth’s largest Quaternary caldera, in northern Sumatra, suggesting a possible relationship between them.
What type of magma is Toba?
During the past 1.3 Ma, the Toba area has erupted intermediate composition lavas, followed by intermediate pyroclastics, three quartz-bearing silicic tuffs, and most recently, intermediate to silicic lavas. This pattern represents the incremental assembly and periodic eruption of a crustal magma body of batholithic proportions.
What are the Toba gravity contours?
In detail, the Toba gravity contours mimic the outline of the caldera and closely follow the shape of Samosir Island,with a minimumof 75mGal over thesouthwest portionof Samosir Island.