Is Mycobacterium marinum serious?
marinum infection can be especially serious and involve disseminated (widespread) disease.
What disease does Mycobacterium marinum cause?
Mycobacterium marinum is a non-tuberculous mycobacterium that causes a tuberculosis-like illness in fish and can infect humans when injured skin is exposed to a contaminated aqueous environment.
How common is Mycobacterium marinum in humans?
M marinum infections are rare but well described in the literature. The estimated annual incidence is 0.27 cases per 100,000 adult patients. The infection is typically limited to the skin, mostly involving limbs, but spread to deeper structures has been reported.
Is M ulcerans NTM?
Among the NTM, Mycobacterium ulcerans causes necrotic skin ulcers that can lead to significant long term physical impairment; Mycobacterium marinum causes granulomatous skin lesions; and Mycobacterium chimaera has been linked to contaminated heater-cooler units used during cardiac surgery, resulting in prosthetic heart …
How Mycobacterium marinum is diagnosed?
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification techniques using Mycobacterium genus-specific primers can be used to diagnose M marinum infection directly in the biopsy sample. Tuberculin skin test using purified protein derivative is positive in 67%-100% of cases.
Where does Mycobacterium marinum come from?
Mycobacterium marinum (M. marinum) is a slow-growing bacterium that can be found in both fresh and salt water around the world. The M. marinum is a nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM), a species that may cause infections in humans, but that does not cause tuberculosis (TB).
Where is Mycobacterium ulcerans found?
Mycobacterium ulcerans is the causative agent of Buruli ulcer, a rare but chronic debilitating skin and soft tissue disease found predominantly in West Africa and Southeast Australia.
Is M leprae NTM?
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are mycobacteria other than M. tuberculosis (the cause of tuberculosis) and M. leprae (the cause of leprosy). NTM are also referred to as atypical mycobacteria, mycobacteria other than tuberculosis (MOTT), or environmental mycobacteria.
How do you get Mycobacterium ulcerans?
ulcerans is usually a painless, non-tender nodule or papule. It is often thought to be an insect bite. Buruli ulcer is not known to be transmissible from one person to another. The organism appears to be associated with swampy or stagnant water, but the exact mode of transmission is unknown.
How is Mycobacterium ulcerans transmission?
ulcerans contamination via aquatic niches [10], host-to-host transmission between humans and animal reservoirs (including possums) [8], and transmission via insect mechanical vectors (including mosquitoes) [9] have been proposed. These hypotheses are explored in this review.
Is mycobacterial infection serious?
Nontuberculous mycobacteria are a type of bacteria found in water and soil. These bacteria are typically harmless. However, when they enter the body, they can cause skin lesions, soft tissue infections, and serious lung problems.
How do you get nontuberculous mycobacteria?
NTM are environmental organisms that can be found in soil, dust, and water including natural water sources (such as lakes, rivers, and streams) and municipal water sources (such as water that people drink or shower in).
How are Mycobacterium ulcerans diagnosed?
IS2404 PCR testing of lesion material is the most accurate method for diagnosing M. ulcerans disease (Buruli ulcer). The PCR result for an initial swab specimen from a patient with M. ulcerans disease is not infrequently negative, particularly for samples from early lesions or children.
What parasite causes ulcers?
Dracunculosis is characterized by chronic skin ulcers. Tissue under the skin is infiltrated by developing larvae of the parasitic worm known as Dracunculus medinensis, or Guinea worm. A female worm ready to release larvae produces stinging elevated spots (papules), causing redness and itching of the skin.
How closely related are Mycobacterium ulcerans and haemophilum marinum related?
Although Mycobacterium ulcerans, M. marinum, and M. haemophilumare closely related, their exact taxonomic placements have not been determined. We performed gas chromatography of fatty acids and alcohols, as well as DNA-DNA hybridization and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, to clarify their relationships to each other and to M. tuberculosis.
What type of Mycobacterium is M ulcerans?
M. ulcerans is a species of mycobacteria within the phylum Actinobacteria. Within the genus Mycobacterium, M. ulcerans is classified as both a “non-tuberculous mycobacterium” and a “slow-growing mycobacterium”. A cladogram showing the relationships among the mycobacteria that cause disease in humans.
What is Mycobacterium marinum?
What is Mycobacterium marinum? Mycobacterium marinum (M. marinum) is a slow-growing atypical mycobacterium that is commonly found in bodies of fresh or saltwater in many parts of the world. Skin infections with Mycobacterium marinum in humans are relatively uncommon and are usually acquired from contact with contents of aquariums or fish.
Does Mycobacterium ulcerans lose its virulence through subculture?
Since these isolates were originally obtained from patients with clinical cases of ulcerating disease, it is clear that M. ulcerans, like many pathogenic bacteria, can lose their virulence through subculture.
What is Mycobacterium Marinum infection?
Where is Mycobacterium marinum found?
Mycobacterium marinum is an atypical Mycobacterium species found in cold or warm, fresh or salted water. M marinum infection occurs following skin and soft-tissue injuries that are exposed to an aquatic environment or marine animals.
How do fish get Mycobacterium marinum?
The infection mostly occurs within 2 weeks after exposure to aquariums or after direct inoculation of the organism either from fish fins or bites. Moreover, the infection rates may have a wide range of 10%–100% (Francis-Floyd and Yanong 2002). Three species of Mycobacterium (M. marinum, M.
How can you prevent Mycobacterium marinum?
Prevention
- Minimize or eliminate exposure to fresh or salt water when open cuts, scrapes or abrasions exist on the skin.
- Be sure to cover any open cuts, scrapes or abrasions, and wear heavy or waterproof gloves when cleaning fish, fish tanks or equipment.
How do you treat atypical mycobacterial infection?
Treatment options include clarithromycin or azithromycin, with the addition of amikacin, cefoxitin, or imipenem for serious and complicated infections.
Can fish tank bacteria make you sick?
Although fish and aquarium water can spread germs to people, illness due to keeping fish is rare. By giving routine care to your fish and their aquarium as well as following some simple health tips you are less likely to get sick from touching, feeding, or owning aquarium fish.
Is Mycobacterium marinum a rapid grower?
The pathogen Mycobacterium marinum, a faster growing close relative of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, has a single rRNA operon per genome. FEMS Microbiol Lett.
Is mycobacterial infection curable?
Medication can be an effective treatment for nontuberculous mycobacterial infections. NYU Langone doctors can prescribe antibiotics to improve lung function, clear mucus in the lungs, and prevent mucus from trapping bacteria, which can cause a new infection.
Should I wear gloves to clean fish tank?
Open wounds – If you have a cut, sore, burn or similar injury, you don’t want to expose it to the gunk and bacteria that is floating around your aquarium. In this instance, gloves are a must. 6.
How Mycobacterium Marinum is diagnosed?
Can you get sick from fish tank water?
Like all animals, fish may carry germs that make people sick. These germs can also contaminate the water in which fish live. Although fish and aquarium water can spread germs to people, illness due to keeping fish is rare.