What is an EGFR gene?
EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) is a protein on cells that helps them grow. A mutation in the gene for EGFR can make it grow too much, which can cause cancer. There are different types of EGFR mutations.
Is EGFR Druggable?
Furthermore, because it is a cell-surface receptor and is a druggable kinase that is over-expressed and often genetically altered in cancer cells, EGFR is a very attractive therapeutic target for cancer therapy.
Is EGFR a tyrosine kinase?
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is often considered the “prototypical” receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) and has been intensively studied. It is one of a family of four RTKs in humans, the others being ErbB2/HER2, ErbB3/HER3, and ErbB4/HER4 (Fig. 1).
What happens if EGFR is negative?
Therefore, we considered that the negative conversion of EGFR mutations may play a critical role in disease progression. Approximately 15–20% of acquired resistance remains unknown; negative conversion of EGFR mutations has been reported in a small number of cases [5, 9, 10].
How do you target EGFR?
EGFR-Targeted Therapies Four modes of targeted therapies have been used to target EGFR including tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), antibody-based therapy, immunotherapy, and pre-clinical trials of RNA therapies.
How do EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors work?
The working mechanism of first-generation EGFR-TKIs is to block the activation of downstream signaling induced by EGFR through binding to the ATP-binding sites.
What is eGFR if African am?
The takeaway. eGFR is used to estimate kidney function and help diagnose and treat kidney disease. Currently, determining eGFR uses a race modifier based on whether or not you are African American. This modifier was based on research observations about serum creatinine levels that are now decades old.
What is a normal GFR for African American?
An eGFR score of 60 or higher indicates normal functioning. An eGFR score of under 60 may indicate kidney disease. An eGFR score of under 15 may indicate kidney failure.
How can EGFR mutation be prevented?
Early-stage EGFR-mutant NSCLC can potentially be cured with surgery or radiation therapy, either with or without chemotherapy.
Can EGFR mutation be reversed?
Is there a cure for EGFR-positive NSCLC? Early-stage EGFR-mutant NSCLC can potentially be cured with surgery or radiation therapy, either with or without chemotherapy.
What is the prevalence of EGFR mutation in African Americans?
Therefore, a 2% frequency of EGFR mutation in the African American cohort was observed, compared with a 17% frequency in the white cohort. In a multivariate analysis that was controlled for age, sex, histology, stage, and smoking status, this difference was statistically significant ( P = .022).
Should we use race in measuring EGFR?
However, the use of race in measuring eGFR has been a subject of debate. Race is not a biological concept, but a social concept. Using race in calculating eGFR does not account for the diversity within communities of color. Also, people who identify as multiracial might not want to be put in a single category of race.
Does GFR exclude ethnicity from EGFR?
In September 2021, the NFK and ASN task force released a report suggesting that these equations overestimated GFR in African American people and, to a lesser extent, non-African American people. For this reason, they recommend using a new 2021 CKD-EPI creatinine equation to calculate eGFR, which excludes ethnicity as a factor.
Are EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors effective in NSCLC in African Americans?
African American patients with NSCLC are significantly less likely than white counterparts to harbor activating mutations of EGFR, which suggests that EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are unlikely to yield major remissions in this population.