What is high pressure homogenizer?
High-pressure homogenization is the most widely used method for both small and large scale NFC production due to its high efficiency, simplicity and lower cost compared to other alternatives. It involves passing the cellulose fiber-water suspension through a very narrow channel under high pressure.
How does a high pressure homogeniser work?
A high pressure homogeniser typically uses a valve assembly to restrict flow, build pressure and subsequently force fluid through the opening valve at high velocity to apply shear forces to the liquid being processed.
Which is a disadvantage of high pressure homogenizer?
The advantage of partial high pressure homogenization over full-stream homogenization is the reduction of the influence of the process on the colloidal stability of milk, while the disadvantage is the low efficiency of the process.
How does a 2 stage homogenizer work?
Two-stage homogenization is used primarily to reach optimal homogenization results and to break up fat clusters in products with a high fat content. The formation and break-up of clusters in the second stage is illustrated in Figure 6.3. 3. Disruption of fat globules in first and second stages of homogenization.
What are the applications of high pressure?
Applications of HPP include its use as a “cold pasteurization” method for fruit juices, a means of sanitizing packaged ready-to-eat meats, and inactivation of spoilage enzymes to enhance refrigeration shelf-life of avocados and guacamole. High pressure can also separate raw shellfish meat from its shell.
What is the principle of homogenizer?
The homogenizer principle of operation is a rather simple one: spread the laser energy, typically concentrated at the center of the beam, by scattering the beam so that it overlaps itself multiple times, creating a beam with a larger divergence angle than the original beam, but whose energy is spread more uniformly.
What is the principle of homogeniser?
How much pressure is required in the second stage of the homogenization process?
Generally, double-stage homogenizers are used and pressure of 140 bar (2000 psi) and 35 bar (500 psi) in the first and second stages respectively are maintained. In a single-stage homogenizer, usually 140 – 175 bar (2000-2500 psi) pressure is sufficient for milk having up to 6.0% fat.
What are the types of homogenization?
Sometimes two types of homogenization are distinguished: primary homogenization, when the emulsion is created directly from separate liquids; and secondary homogenization, when the emulsion is created by the reduction in size of droplets in an existing emulsion.
What is high pressure food processing?
High-pressure processing (HPP) is a “nonthermal” food preservation technique that inactivates harmful pathogens and vegetative spoilage microorganisms by using pressure rather than heat to effect pasteurization.
What are the various applications of homogenization?
Homogenizer able to process fluid matrices at pressure ranging between 20–100 MPa are nowadays employed in the dairy beverage, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries mainly to reduce particle size and consequently increase stability of emulsions in order to avoid creaming and coalescence phenomena (Figure 1).
How many types of homogenizers are there?
There are a number of different types of homogenizer. The three most common are rotor/stator generators (or colloid mills), high pressure (or piston pump) models, and sonic disruptors. Rotor/stator homogenizers are the most common type.
What is a homogenizer made of?
A high-pressure homogenizer consists of two main parts: a high-pressure pump and a homogenization valve. The high-pressure pump is typically a positive displacement reciprocating type since these types are inherently suitable for viscous fluids and remain efficient while experiencing variations in flow and pressure.
What is high pressure mixer?
High-pressure mixing systems are usually are limited to two solvents, each of which is pumped by a separate pump into the mixer, which is located on the high-pressure side of the pump. The mobile phase mixture is controlled by the relative flow rate of the two pumps.
What is a homogenizer used for?
A homogenizer is a piece of laboratory or industrial equipment used for the homogenization of various types of material, such as tissue, plant, food, soil, and many others. Many different models have been developed using various physical technologies for disruption.
What is homogenizer efficiency?
It is a widely accepted microscopic method for determining the homogenization efficiency. This index may be defined as the number of fat globules having < 2 µ in diameter. The efficiency of homogenization is apparently based on the number of fat globules larger than 2 µ (if any), as measured under specified conditions.
What is a homogenizer machine?
How does a high pressure homogenizer work?
High-pressure homogenizers consist of a tank to which high pressure is applied in order to force the liquid sample contained therein through a valve or membrane with very narrow slits. This act causes high shear, a large pressure drop, and cavitation, all of which act to homogenize the sample.
What is a sonolator high pressure homogenizer?
Sonolator high pressure homogenizers achieve large-scale productions runs using PD pumps and electric motors as opposed to compressed air. Compressed-air homogenizers are limited in the flow rates they can achieve. Other conventional high pressure units use spring-loaded relief valves to create pressure.
How does a homogenizer mixer reduce tank space?
By metering water from its source, these mixers reduce the tank space typically required with batch mixing. In shampoo and body wash production, we can produce over 20 tons of shampoo and body wash from a 5 ton tank by metering 3 streams simultaneously into the Sonolator homogenizer mixer.
What is a high pressure mixing system?
These custom designed systems use several PD pumps and mass flow meters to distribute water and liquid bulk materials at the proper ratio into the Sonolator high-pressure mixing chamber where very fine emulsions and dispersions are formed instantly.