Which anti TB drugs is nephrotoxic?
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a rare and severe complication that can interrupt treatment and cause permanent kidney damage. Although isoniazid (INH) and ethambutol (EMB) have been associated with AKI,[5,6] rifampin (RIF) is the most common anti-TB drug responsible for AKI identified by most studies.
Can TB medication affect kidneys?
Patients on anti-tuberculosis treatment may develop acute kidney injury (AKI), but little is known about the renal outcome and prognostic factors, especially in an aging population.
What is the problem with XDR and MDR-TB?
Why is XDR TB so serious? Because XDR TB is resistant to the most potent TB drugs, the remaining treatment options are less effective, have more side effects, and are more expensive. XDR TB is of special concern for persons with HIV infection or other conditions that can weaken the immune system.
Which type treatment should you prefer during XDR-TB?
TREATMENT MANAGEMENT FOR PATIENTS WITH DOCUMENTED, OR ALMOST CERTAIN, XDR-TB. Use pyrazinamide and any other Group 1 agent that may be effective. Use an injectable agent to which the strain is susceptible and consider an extended duration of use (12 months (more…)
Is ethambutol safe in renal failure?
Use in renal disease: Use with caution – cleared by the kidneys; dose adjustment required for renal failure. Increased risk of toxicity with renal failure. If needed for use in the regimen, consider therapeutic drug monitoring. Use in hepatic disease: Safe in liver disease.
Does pyrazinamide need renal adjustment?
Renal Dosing [>50 ml/min]: No change. [<50 ]: Avoid use or reduce dose to 12-20 mg/kg/day. Manufacturer: It does not appear that patients with impaired renal function require a reduction in dose. It may be prudent to select doses at the low end of the dosing range, however.
Can rifampin damage kidneys?
Rifampicin can cause reversible renal failure probably by an immunologic mechanism that mainly causes an interstitial nephritis, especially during intermittent treatment, when the patient has been irregular in taking daily rifampicin or when the drug has been resumed after an interval of three days to 3½ years.
What is difference between MDR and XDR?
MDR refers to managed detection and response. XDR refers to extended detection and response. EDR refers to endpoint detection and response.
Which of the following anti tuberculosis drugs has no hepatotoxicity potential?
While isoniazid, rifampicin and pyrazinamide are known to cause hepatotoxicity, ethambutol and streptomycin are considered not to be hepatotoxic.
Does ethambutol need renal adjustment?
Which anti TB drug is most hepatotoxic?
Which of the following drugs can lead to kidney damage?
Most street drugs, including heroin, cocaine and ecstasy can cause high blood pressure, stroke, heart failure and even death, in some cases from only one use. Cocaine, heroin and amphetamines also can cause kidney damage.
How is XDR different from EDR?
The short answer is easy enough: MDR refers to managed detection and response. XDR refers to extended detection and response. EDR refers to endpoint detection and response.
When is Ethambutol contraindicated?
Ethambutol is contraindicated in patients who are known to be hypersensitive to this drug, in patients with known optic neuritis, in patients who are unable to appreciate and report visual side effects or changes in vision (e.g., young children, unconscious patients.
What is the adverse reaction of Ethambutol?
Headache, loss of appetite, upset stomach, or nausea/vomiting may occur. If any of these effects last or get worse, tell your doctor or pharmacist promptly. Remember that this medication has been prescribed because your doctor has judged that the benefit to you is greater than the risk of side effects.
What is XDR TB (extensively drug resistant TB)?
Extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR TB) is a rare type of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) that is resistant to isoniazid and rifampin, plus any fluoroquinolone and at least one of three injectable second-line drugs (i.e., amikacin, kanamycin, or capreomycin).
Should XDR-TB be given in divided doses to reduce side effects?
For example, ethionamide and cycloserine are traditionally given in two divided doses to reduce side effects, but once-daily dosing is acceptable if tolerated. In the case of XDR-TB, the same approach for designing a regimen may be used, with some important caveats.
Can XDR-TB be transmitted?
More than half the patients with XDR TB had never been previously treated for TB. An additional third had either been cured or had completed treatment for previous TB illness. So it is believed that transmission of XDR-TB strains between individuals had occurred.
How many cases of XDR TB have been notified by who?
The notified cases of XDR TB, or extensively drug resistant TB, by World Health Organisation (WHO) region for 2019 are given below 3 How many people are treated? Globally, 8,703 patients with XDR-TB were enrolled in treatment in 70 countries and territories in 2017. This was a small (2%) increase compared with 2016.