Does the Holderness coast have hard or soft cliffs?
The Holderness coast mainly consists of soft glacial drift cliffs, which have been cut back up to 200m over the last century. The coast is subject to the full force of the waves from the North Sea, with little attenuation before they reach the cliff line. The sea is continually able to reach the base of the cliff.
What are some examples of soft engineering?
Soft engineering is enhancing natural features, such as beaches and sand dunes, to protect the coast from erosion. Examples of soft engineering strategies include beach nourishment, managed retreat and dune stabilisation.
Does Holderness have constructive or destructive waves?
In the case of the Holderness coastline, its geology (weak clays) waves (destructive during North Sea storms) and Geomorphology (the shape of the coastline allows the waves to break at the base of the cliffs) make erosion almost inevitable.
What type of soft rock is found along the Holderness coast?
The Holderness Coastline is made up of soft boulder clays (less resistant rock) to the south and chalk (more resistant than clay) to the north (see diagram on the left). Because the clay is weak and less resistant rock, it erodes rapidly.
What is meant by soft engineering?
Soft engineering is where the natural environment is used to help reduce coastal erosion and river flooding. At the coast soft engineering is where a beach is used to absorb wave energy and reduce erosion.
What type of coast is the Holderness?
As we can see in figures 2 and 3, the Holderness Coast is a lowland coastal plain deposited by glaciers. The boulder clay is experiencing more rapid rates of erosion compared to the chalk. An outcrop of chalk can be seen to the north and forms the headland, Flamborough Head.
What is soft engineering in rivers?
Soft engineering is enhancing a river’s natural features, its banks, to protect them from erosion. Examples of soft engineering strategies include planting vegetation and river restoration.
What is soft engineering coasts?
At the coast soft engineering is where a beach is used to absorb wave energy and reduce erosion. These methods of coastal protection are more sustainable as they have less impact on the environment and work with the natural coastal processes.
Is cliff drainage a soft engineer?
Soft engineering approaches (beach nourishment, cliff regrading and drainage, dune stabilisation) attempt to work with physical systems and processes to protect coasts and manage changes in sea level. This attempts to work with natural physical systems and processes to reduce the coastal erosion and flood threat.
Is the Holderness coast a discordant coastline?
The Holderness coastal landscape is defined by its discordant nature: a chalk headland at Flamborough and glacial deposits of boulder clay along the majority of the coastline.
How do soft engineering strategies help reduce the impact of river flooding?
Soft engineered interventions can reduce the effects of coastal and river flooding through the use of more natural methods of flood management. Which rather than stopping events aim to slow water in a more natural way.
What are the 4 types of soft engineering?
Coastal Protection and Management – Soft Engineering
- Beach nourishment. Beach nourishment involves adding sand and shingle to a beach from elsewhere.
- Cliff stabilisation.
- Dune regeneration.
- Creating marshland.
- Managed Retreat (coastal realignment)
How was Holderness coast formed?
Under lying the Holderness Coast is bedrock made up of Cretaceous Chalk. However, in most place this is covered by glacial till deposited over 18,000 years ago. It is this soft boulder clay that is being rapidly eroded. There are two main reasons why this area of coast is eroding so rapidly.
What is a Holderness coastline?
The Holderness coast is located on the east coast of England and is part of the East Riding of Yorkshire; a lowland agricultural region of England that lies between the chalk hills of the Wolds and the North Sea. Figure 1. The Holderness Coast is one of Europe’s fastest eroding coastlines.
What is the cause of erosion along the Holderness coast?
The main reason for coastal erosion at Holderness is geological. The bedrock is made up of till. This material was deposited by glaciers around 12,000 years ago and is unconsolidated. It is made up of mixture of bulldozed clays and erratics, which are loose rocks of varying type.
What is soft coastal engineering?
How is soft engineering used to protect coastline?
How can rivers be managed using soft engineering?
Soft Engineering It involves managing a river using natural materials and mimicking natural processes to protect more vulnerable areas. One technique used is to encourage the growth of reed beds which are allowed to flood and slow down river water. Another technique is known as floodplain zoning.
What is the Holderness coast used for?
Holderness Coast Case study The Holderness Coast is a great case study to use when examining coastal processes and the features associated with them. This is because the area contains ‘textbook’ examples of coastal erosion and deposition. The exposed chalk of Flamborough provides examples of erosion, features such as caves, arches and stacks.
What makes the Holderness coast a good case study?
The Holderness Coast is a great case study to use when examining coastal processes and the features associated with them. This is because the area contains ‘textbook’ examples of and . The exposed chalk of Flamborough provides examples of , features such as caves, arches and stacks.
What evidence of longshore drift is there on the Holderness coast?
Spurn Point provides evidence of longshore drift on the Holderness Coast. It is an excellent example of a spit. Around 3% of the material eroded from the Holderness Coast is deposited here each year. 3. How might the geology of the area affect the shape of the coastline? What processes are acting upon this coastline?
What is coastal protection and management soft engineering?
Coastal Protection and Management – Soft Engineering. Soft engineering techniques involve working with nature to manage the coastline. Techniques include cliff stabilisation, dune regeneration and managed retreat. Beach nourishment involves adding sand and shingle to a beach from elsewhere.