How does aerobic granular sludge work?
The technology consists of a three-phase batch process completed in a single tank. Durable granules composed entirely of biomass do the work of treatment, performing simultaneous nitrification and denitrification for nitrogen removal while also biologically removing phosphorus to low levels without chemical addition.
What is aerobic granular sludge reactor?
Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) is a novel microbial community which allows simultaneous removal of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and other pollutants in a single sludge system.
What is anaerobic sludge treatment?
Basically, an anaerobic treatment cycle involves wastewater entering a bioreactor receptacle containing a thick semi-solid substance called sludge, full of anaerobic bacteria and other microorganisms which break down the organic contaminants present in the wastewater.
What is nereda technology?
Nereda technology offers sustainable wastewater treatment solutions for municipal and industrial water. The natural sewage treatment process purifies water, using little or no chemicals, through proprietary aerobic granular sludge technology.
What is activated sludge treatment process?
The activated sludge process is a means of treating both municipal and industrial wastewater. The activated sludge process is a multi-chamber reactor unit that uses highly concentrated microorganisms to degrade organics and remove nutrients from wastewater, producing quality effluent.
What is a nereda plant?
Nereda is the wastewater treatment technology that purifies water using the unique features of aerobic granular biomass. Nereda is sustainable and cost-effective: it requires a quarter of the area of conventional activated sludge installations and the process can reduce up to 50% on energy costs.
How does anaerobic treatment work?
Anaerobic treatment is used before aerobic treatment so the high concentration of organic material is removed effectively. The organic matter is converted to biogas, i.e. methane and carbon dioxide. As the bacteria work on the wastewater, biogas is generated which can be used to generate electricity in some situations.
What is the difference between anaerobic and anoxic?
Anoxic is used to describe environments without molecular oxygen. Anaerobic refers to microorganisms which are able to live without molecular oxygen. The metabolism they use is also called Anaerobic. So anoxic refers to environments and anaerobic refers to microorganisms and processes.
What is the difference between sludge and activated sludge?
Solution : Activated sludge possesses flocs of decomposer microbes, whereas, primary sludge does not possess flocs. Unlike primary sludge a lot of decomposition occurs during formation of activated sludge.
What is nereda process?
What is the significance of anaerobic sludge digestion in sewage treatment?
Anaerobic digestion enhances the stabilization of sewage sludge, reduces pathogens and odor emission, and dry matter of sludge is reduced, which leads to a significant reduction in the final sludge volume.
What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic water treatment?
While both rely on a process of microbial decomposition to treat wastewater, the key difference between anaerobic and aerobic treatment is that aerobic systems require oxygen, while anaerobic systems do not. This is a function of the types of microbes used in each type of system.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of anaerobic treatment of wastewater?
Up-flow or down-flow anaerobic filters: suited to treating wastes containing organic matter in soluble form, which excludes many forms of municipal waste. It is more widely applied to treating industrial wastes. The main disadvantage of the anaerobic filter reactor is the high cost of the filter material.
How does anaerobic wastewater treatment work?
Anaerobic treatment is a proven and energy-efficient method for treating industrial wastewater. It uses anaerobic bacteria (biomass) to convert organic pollutants or COD (chemical oxygen demand) into biogas in an oxygen-free environment.
What’s the difference between aerobic and anaerobic?
Aerobic means ‘with air’ and refers to the body producing energy with the use of oxygen. This typically involves any exercise that lasts longer than two minutes in duration. Continuous ‘steady state’ exercise is performed aerobically. Anaerobic means ‘without air’ and refers to the body producing energy without oxygen.
What is anaerobic sludge granulation?
Anaerobic sludge granulation is a key parameter for maintaining granular processes. Anaerobic granular digestion processes are applicable for various wastewaters. The UASB is an economic high-rate anaerobic granular process. The EGSB can treat high-strength wastewater using expanding granules.
What is the best book on granular anaerobic sludge?
G Lettinga, A.J.B Zehnder, J.T.C Grotenhuis, L.W Hulshoff Pol (Eds.), Granular anaerobic sludge: Microbiology and technology, Pudoc. Wageningen, The Netherlands ( 1987), pp. 132 – 145 D.C Savage, M Fletcher (Eds.), Bacterial adhesion. Mechanisms and physiological significance, Plenum Press, New York ( 1990), pp. 3 – 43
What is upflow anaerobic sludge bed reactor?
Introduction The formation of anaerobic granular sludge ( Fig. 1) can be considered as the major reason of the successful introduction of the Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Bed (UASB) reactor concept for anaerobic treatment of industrial effluents.
What are the advantages of granular sludge reactors?
The superior settling characteristics of granular sludge. Settling velocities of granular sludge of approximately 60 m/h are common, whereas the superficial upflow velocities in UASB reactors are usually kept below 2 m/h, in practice. This allows an extreme uncoupling of the hydraulic retention time from the solid retention time (or sludge age).