What is liquefaction Wikipedia?
In materials science, liquefaction is a process that generates a liquid from a solid or a gas or that generates a non-liquid phase which behaves in accordance with fluid dynamics. It occurs both naturally and artificially.
What do you mean by liquefaction?
Definition of liquefaction 1 : the process of making or becoming liquid. 2 : the state of being liquid. 3 : conversion of soil into a fluidlike mass during an earthquake or other seismic event.
What are the 4 types of liquefaction?
Introduction.
What is liquefaction give example?
During an earthquake, the shaking ground may become much less solid as soil and groundwater combine to form a material that acts like a liquid. This process is called liquefaction. In many ways, the ground becomes something like the quicksand found in children’s books and particularly thrilling action movies.
What causes liquefaction?
Liquefaction takes place when loosely packed, water-logged sediments at or near the ground surface lose their strength in response to strong ground shaking. Liquefaction occurring beneath buildings and other structures can cause major damage during earthquakes.
Who invented liquefaction?
Pioneer work on the liquefaction of gases was carried out by the English scientist Michael Faraday (1791-1867) in the early 1820s.
What is liquefaction geography?
What are the effects of liquefaction?
The consequences to structures and utilities of earthquake-induced liquefaction include: 1) Non-uniform and differential settlement of structures often resulting in cracking. 3) Flotation of buried structures such as sewer lines, tanks, and pipes. 4) Strong lateral forces against retaining structures such as seawalls.
What are the factors of liquefaction?
Critical Temperature, Volume, and Pressure With the increase in temperature, the pressure required to liquefy a gas also increases. This temperature was the highest temperature at which a gas appears in the form of a liquid.
What are the characteristics of liquefaction?
During liquefaction, sand, silt and water is forced up towards the surface by pressure below ground. In some cases, the material is forced through small cracks and collects on the surface to form sand boils. Liquefied ground has little strength when compared to other land.
What are effects of liquefaction?
What is liquefaction and its effects?
Liquefaction is a phenomenon in which the strength and stiffness of a soil is reduced by earthquake shaking or other rapid loading. Liquefaction and related phenomena have been responsible for tremendous amounts of damage in historical earthquakes around the world.
What is the physical process in liquefaction?
Liquefaction is a physical process in which the strength or effective stress of the soil is reduced due to shaking of the ground. Typically, the ground shaking necessary to initiate liquefaction is caused by earthquake loading.
What is meant by liquefaction of soil?
How does liquefaction affect the environment?
When liquefaction occurs, the strength of the soil decreases and, the ability of a soil deposit to support foundations for buildings and bridges is reduced as seen in the photo (SC) of the overturned apartment complex buildings in Niigata in 1964.
What type of soil causes liquefaction?
Poorly drained fine-grained soils such as sandy, silty, and gravelly soils are the most susceptible to liquefaction.
What is the cause of liquefaction?
Liquefaction occurs when the structure of a loose, saturated sand breaks down due to some rapidly applied loading. As the structure breaks down, the loosely-packed individual soil particles attempt to move into a denser configuration.
What is the mechanism of liquefaction?
Three typical mechanisms of soil liquefaction are to be reviewed briefly. If the pore water pressure in a saturated sand deposit reaches and excesses the overburden pressure, the sand deposit will float or “boil” and lose entirely its bearing capacity.
How does liquefaction occur?